羅技木星軌跡球 - Arch Linux 中文维基

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# 羅技木星軌跡球

出自 Arch Linux 中文维基

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羅技木星軌跡球具有四個按鍵，且是對稱的，因而不論左右手都適合使用。Picture缺點是不具滾輪功能，但可以設定來啟用此功能。

## 安裝

無缺額外驅動程式。在系統啟動或在已開啟系統中連接時，即可偵測到羅技木星。羅技木星雖然可以當作一般滑鼠來使用，不進行設定，然而你可能想要啟用滾輪功能或客制化按鍵。

## 基本功能

無論何種硬體設定，木星的硬體ID固定的。

當沒有額外設定時，按鈕會為下列功能：

ID | 硬體動作 | 結果
--- | --- | ---
1 | 左大按鍵 | 左鍵
2 | 雙擊（大按鍵） | 中鍵 †
3 | 右大按鍵 | 右鍵
4 | 「無」 | -
5 | 「無」 | -
6 | 「無」 | -
7 | 「無」 | -
8 | 左小按鍵 | 上一頁
9 | 右小按鍵 | 下一頁

注意：

- 大按鍵雙產生「中鍵」
- † 同時按壓按鍵需要 `Emulate3buttons`.
- 本文中「中鍵」、「滾輪鍵」同意義。
- 「選擇鍵」、「右鍵」同義，一般用於彈出選單。
- 以上結果，不按壓修正鍵（modifier key）
- 若按壓修正鍵結果可能不相同

ID | 硬體動作 | 結果
--- | --- | ---
4 | 球體向下 | 鼠標向下
5 | 球體向上 | 鼠標向上
6 | 球體向左 | 鼠標向左
7 | 球體向右 | 鼠標向右

注意：

- 不使用修正鍵時，鼠標移動。
- 使用修正鍵時，結果可能不盡相同。
- 「修正鍵」可以是一個鍵盤按鍵（如：Ctrl）或是木星上的按鍵。

注意：當scroll modifier按壓同時滾動軌跡球，便可將軌跡球當滾輪使用。你必需到少配置minimal configuration來啟用這個功能。

在「滾輪模式」使用軌跡球時，也可使用一些滑鼠手勢的功能，例如，在同時按壓Ctrl鍵跟滾動滾輪可以縮放瀏覽器中的字體。使用軌跡球時，則需同時按壓Ctrl與「滾輪模式按壓鍵」來觸發功能。

## 配置

你可以參考及嘗試這個簡易配置。

這個配置含有一些資訊，大部份的Arch使用者使用的現行X server的配置是需要udev熱插拔。

注意：可參考May 2012五月的這篇Gnome 3 and middle click emulation. See #雙擊大按鍵

可在Ubuntu 12.04 的Gnome 3環境下使用。

### 按鍵與軌跡球

    簡單配置依照你的喜好修改後，放置在正確位置即可使用。

#### 指定按鍵

藉由設定參數，你可以指定功能給不同按鍵。

按鍵的值可以修改為1、2、3、8、及9（2是雙擊兩個大按鍵），但不要調整成4、5、6、或7。

    # 此行是不同的按鈕配置
    Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"

左手使用需要使用不同的按鈕動作。

    # 此行是左手使用都的按鈕配置（僅按鍵左右交換）
    Option "ButtonMapping" "3 2 1 4 5 6 7 8 9"

對小按鈕，不喜歡「原始」配置可以修改按鍵的值

這一行修改按鈕2成「上一頁」。參數2（雙擊大按鈕）的值修改9，改成「上一頁」。此行也將參數8、9的值都改為2，使兩個小按鈕都各別修改成「中鍵」。

    # 這是給右手使用者的，修改了三個按鈕
    Option "ButtonMapping" "1 9 3 4 5 6 7 2 2"

參數按順序排列，參數1、2、3、8、9可修改，但軌跡的移動的參數4、5、6、7 不要修改。

#### 雙擊大按鍵

如前述，參數2是表示兩個大按鍵同時按下。

經試驗，在缺少設定的情形下，會產生不可確定的結果， 而非預期的「中鍵」。然而，若要雙擊能正確使用，你需要啟用「相黏鍵」功能：

    # Emulate3Buttons 係指同時按下按鍵A與D
    # 同時按可以模擬「中鍵」或「滾輪鍵」
    Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"

可以使用預設2（滾輪鍵），請參minimal configuration。

在2012五月些文章Gnome 3 and middle click emulation顯示，在ubuntu 12.04 Gnome 3的環境下，預設值會變成 「false」而成為「中鍵」，原因是Gnome在Xorg進行設定（即Gnome的設定覆蓋了Xorg的設定），使的模擬被取消了。可由以下令命修正Gnome的行為：

    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.mouse middle-button-enabled true

每個使用者僅需下一次令命即可，Gnome會記得這個設定。如果你感興趣可以參考 launchpad bug。

#### 滾輪修正鍵

羅技木星軌跡球的一個嚴重缺點是沒有滾輪或是滾輪環，但可以藉由設定「滾輪修正鍵」來克服這個問題，即按下一個按鈕，使得軌跡球的滾動變成滾輪。雖然，預設已有提供滾輪修正鍵的功能(參基本功能)，但滾動修正鍵並沒有被啟用。若要啟用，必需設定給不同的按鍵。

注意：除了滾動功能外，滾輪鍵還有「點」的功能。滾輪修正鍵的「長壓」與「點」的功能是分開的，較佳可將兩個小按鍵之一設定成滾輪修正鍵。 原本小按鍵的預設功能也不甚方便，我建議你重新設定它們。

小按鍵的原設定是滾動修正鍵，但同時該小按鍵的「點」的預設功能是「上一頁」，根據多年的使用經驗，建議設成「中鍵」。

撇開關於小按鍵的抱怨不談，你可以如下設定「滾輪修正鍵」

    Option "EmulateWheel" "true"
    Option "EmulateWheelButton" "8"

    # 按鍵8是左邊的小按鍵，適合右手使用者。
    # 按鍵9是右邊的小按鍵，適合左手使用者。
    # 按鍵2不可設定成「滾輪修正鍵」（又稱做"EmulateWheelButton"）

取消水平捲動 你可以取消下行的註解，來取消水平捲動。

    # 井字號是註解
    # Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7"

雖然我使用兩個方向的捲動，但不少人認為單一方向的捲動比較好用。 也許你想嘗試取消垂直方向的捲動，但是類似設定是不能取消垂直方向捲動的。

### 左撇子或右撇子

前面章節已經說明如何設定給右手或左手使用的設置。

- 你可能經常的左右手交替使用
- 我會在我感到不適前交替

為了左右手交替，我會手動修改配置（加註一些內容）後重啟X server。你也可以依你需要自已寫一些Script自動化這些步驟。

- 在Arch Linux上，我建議使用輕量的Openbox做視窗管理。

在其他的桌面環境中，可能有一些簡單（或複雜）的小工具做左右手交替的設定。例如，Ubuntu 10.10中，你可以點擊一個滑鼠控制的面版按鈕即進行交替。

### System-wide or per-user

注意： Section undergoing revision. Please jump to the sample configuration

If you want the configuration to be system wide, you can add this line to the InputDevice-Section.

    Option "ButtonMapping" "1 8 3 2 9"

For a per-user-configuration you need to put this in your ~/.Xmodmap

    pointer = 1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 9 10 11 12 13

or this in your ~/.xinitrc.

    xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 9 10 11 12 13"

### Xorg input hotplugging

注意： Section undergoing revision. Please jump to the sample configuration

Two expositions help you configure a trackball with buttons for click, middle-click, right-click, and scrolling. The first exposition uses Xorg Input Hotplugging; the second does not. Edit them to suit your preferences.

Add this entry to your `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`:

    Section "InputClass"
        Identifier   "Logitech Trackball"
        MatchProduct "Trackball"
        Option       "ButtonMapping"      "1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 9"
        Option       "EmulateWheel"       "True"
        Option       "EmulateWheelButton" "9"
        Option       "XAxisMapping"       "6 7"
    EndSection

To learn more about the used parameters you should read the apropriate section in the evdev man page.

### Without Xorg hotplugging

注意： Section undergoing revision. Please jump to the sample configuration

The mouse device entry in `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` should look like this:

    Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier "Mouse0"
        Driver     "mouse"
        Option     "CorePointer"
        Option     "Device"             "/dev/input/mice"
        Option     "Protocol"           "ExplorerPS/2"
        Option     "Buttons"            "9"
        Option     "ZAxisMapping"       "4 5"
        Option     "XAxisMapping"       "6 7"
        Option     "EmulateWheelButton" "9"
        Option     "EmulateWheel"       "true"
    EndSection

The `"Auto"` option for `"Protocol"` works fine, too. Of course you can use the name you prefer as the `Identifier`, as long as it is the same you use as `InputDevice` in the `Section "ServerLayout"` .

## Sample configuration

The sample configuration modifies and extends the basic function of the Marble Mouse.

In this example, either of the two small buttons may be clicked to send a wheel-click. Wheel-click means the same as "middle-click" here. In addition, one of the small buttons provides scrolling in conjunction with the trackball. Note that only one small button has the ability for scrolling, although both small buttons are able to wheel-click.

Finally, clicking both large buttons simultaneously sends the browser back event. There is no button to send browser forward.

ID | Hardware Action | Result (this configuration) | New assignment
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Large button left | normal click | 1
2 | Both large buttons | browser back | 8
3 | Large button right | right-click | 3
8 | Small button left † | wheel-click | 2
9 | Small button right ‡ | wheel-click | 2

注意：

- Both large buttons pressed simultaneously results in browser back.
- Either small button, when clicked, results in middle-click.
- † This small button allows trackball scrolling when held down. It is the scroll modifier.
- ‡ This button can be mapped for scrolling function instead. This button works better for left-side placement because it lies near the thumb of one's left-hand. Only one button can be assigned as the scroll modifier as far as I know.

### Configuration file

The following lines are appended to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf`

Note: Users of other Linux distributions may find the configuration file in another location. Ubuntu uses /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf

This example is set up for right-hand placement with horizontal scrolling disabled.

    #       - - - Logitech Marble Mouse Settings - - -
    #
    #       The Logitech Marble Mouse buttons are mapped [A-D] from left to right:
    #       A (large); B (small) |  C (small); D (large).
    #
    #       Preferred options for right-handed usage:
    #       A = normal click [1]
    #       B = middle-click [2]
    #       C = middle-click [2]
    #       D = right-click [3]
    #       Hold button B while rolling trackball to emulate wheel-scrolling.
    #
    #       Preferred options for left-handed usage:
    #       A = right-click [3]
    #       B = middle-click [2]
    #       C = middle-click [2]
    #       D = normal click [1]
    #       Hold button C while rolling trackball to emulate wheel-scrolling.
    #       Pressing both large buttons simultaneously (b) produces a "back" action.

    Section "InputClass"
            Identifier  "Marble Mouse"
            MatchProduct "Logitech USB Trackball"
            MatchIsPointer "on"
            MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
            Driver "evdev"

    #       Physical button #s:     A b D - - - - B C
    #       Option "ButtonMapping" "1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 2"   right-hand placement
    #       Option "ButtonMapping" "3 8 1 4 5 6 7 2 2"   left-hand placement
    #       b = A & D
            Option "ButtonMapping" "1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 2"

    #       EmulateWheel: Use Marble Mouse trackball as mouse wheel
    #       Factory Default: 8; Use 9 for right side small button
            Option "EmulateWheel" "true"
            Option "EmulateWheelButton" "8"

    #       EmulateWheelInertia: How far (in pixels) the pointer must move to
    #       generate button press/release events in wheel emulation mode.
    #       Factory Default: 50
            Option "EmulateWheelInertia" "10"

    #       Axis Mapping: Enable vertical [ZAxis] and horizontal [XAxis] scrolling
            Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
    #       Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7"

    #       Emulate3Buttons: Required to interpret simultaneous press of two large
    #       buttons, A & D, as a seperate command, b.
    #       Factory Default: true
            Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
    EndSection

### Restarting X

Changes made to xorg configuration files do not take effect until the X session is restarted. To restart the X session, simply log out from your window manager and log back in.

Or, depending on what display manager you use, you can use one of the following commands:

Default Ubuntu (with LightDM) : `sudo restart lightdm`

Gnome (with GDM) : `sudo restart gdm`

KDE (with KDM) : `sudo restart kdm`

## Minimal configuration

### Using evdev

At times it can be useful to start with the absolute minimum and build from there. This is one facet of The Arch Way. In this spirit, I decided to see how few lines I might use to create a usable Marble Mouse configuration.

You can omit all configuration lines and the Marble Mouse is still usable for basic pointing and clicking. However, it will not be able to scroll. The "both-large-button" simultaneous click produces indeterminate results — experimentation shows this.

Given that you are satisfied with default button settings and you wish only to enable scrolling and the "both-large-button" click, you need these lines. The following lines are appended to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf`.

    Section "InputClass"
            Identifier  "Marble Mouse"
            MatchProduct "Logitech USB Trackball"
            Option "EmulateWheel" "true"
            Option "EmulateWheelButton" "8"
            Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7"
            Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
    EndSection

### Using libinput

As of version 3.16 GDM/Gnome uses libinput. For the device to work as described in the above section (note that wheel click emulation is not yet supported by libinput) you need to install xf86-input-libinput包 and instead append this to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-libinput.conf`.

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-libinput.conf

    Section "InputClass"
            Identifier      "Marble Mouse"
            MatchProduct    "Logitech USB Trackball"
            Driver          "libinput"
            Option          "ScrollMethod" "button"
            Option          "ScrollButton" "8"
    EndSection

## Additional tweaks

### Console (gpm)

See Console mouse support for details. Within the console you can use `gpm` with type option set to imps2. Edit `/etc/conf.d/gpm` such that:

    GPM_ARGS="-m /dev/input/mice -t imps2"

This lets you use the large left button for selecting text and the right button to extend the selection. The small left button acts as a middle-click; it pastes the selection.

### Chromium browser

By default, Chromium treats a middle-click as a paste command. This choice stems from "Linux tradition", not the capricious whim of one developer. Like myself, you may prefer a Windows approach. I want the middle button(s) to initiate automatic scrolling, not pasting:

- A browser extension AutoScroll allows middle-click to initiate automatic scrolling.
- This extension is helpful for any Linux user with a wheel mouse, not just Marble Mouse users.
- A middle-click initiates automatic scrolling when clicked on a blank area of a web page.

- When you program both small buttons to emit middle-click, either button can initiate automatic scrolling. That is a click function.
- When you program one of the small buttons to act as scroll modifier (mouse setup), you can manually scroll web pages without fixing the browser. That is a press‑and‑hold function. (I recommend installing AutoScroll even though it is not absolutely necessary for scrolling.)
- After you assign the scroll modifier to one of the small buttons, the small buttons act a bit differently from one another. The difference is seen when you compare their "press‑and‑hold" behaviors.

Be sure to install AutoScroll; the similarly-named Auto Scroll extension implements a different feature.

This information also applies to the browser called Google Chrome.

### Firefox browser

Older versions of Firefox map horizontal-scrolling hardware to perform browser back and browser forward navigation.

This makes vertical scrolling using the trackball almost impossible.

The slightest horizontal motion triggers a URL redirection. To fix this:

- Enter `about:config` in the location bar
- Find the internal variable named `mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.action`. Set its value to 0.
- It may be useful to set `mousewheel.horizscroll.withnokey.numlines` to 1 as well.

## See also

- Arch wiki documentation: All Mouse Buttons Working
- Arch wiki documentation: Xorg#Configuration
- Marble mouse scroll wheel: Replacement for SetPoint driver
- Joe Shaw blog post: Linux input ecosystem
- Ubuntu community: Logitech Marble Mouse
- Chrome web store: AutoScroll extension

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