Pantheon - Arch Linux 中文维基

跳至內容

# Pantheon

出自 Arch Linux 中文维基

本文或本節內容已經過時。

原因： 請提供模板的第一個位置參數以概括原因。 (在Talk:Pantheon討論)

這篇文章或章節的翻譯質量不佳。

原因：Abandoned translation from 2016 (447339)（在 Talk:Pantheon# 中討論）
翻譯狀態：

- 本文（或部分內容）譯自 Pantheon，最近一次同步於 2016-03-08，若英文版本有所更改，則您可以幫助同步與翻譯更改的內容。
- 您可以在 ArchWiki 的對應頁面找到本文翻譯的原始修訂歷史。
- 本文可能與英文原文存在出入。

Pantheon 是linux發行版 elementary os 的默認桌面環境。由開發者使用vala語言和gtk3工具包編寫完成，高效並且易於使用。用戶界面上，與GNOME-shell和Mac OS X多有相似之處。

## 安裝

Pantheon桌面環境目前不由archlinux官方維護，要在archlinux安裝使用Pantheon桌面環境可以向系統添加三方維護的軟體源，並從該軟體源安裝相關軟體包，將以下代碼添加到軟體源列表（需要管理員權限） `/etc/pacman.conf`:（每日構建版本）

    [pantheon]
    SigLevel = Optional
    Server = http://pkgbuild.com/~alucryd/$repo/$arch

提示：對這些軟體包的編譯腳本感興趣的可以訪問Alucryd's GitHub repository.

當然，如果喜歡也可以選擇自己編譯這些軟體包，相關的軟體包源碼都可以直接從 AUR 系統找到.

如果只是向體驗基礎的Pantheon用戶界面.可以安裝pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]，這將自動安裝以下軟體包：

- cerbere-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: 進程守護程序
- gala-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: 窗口管理器
- wingpanel-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: 頂部面板組件
- slingshot-launcher-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: 頂部面板應用程式菜單
- plank-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: 地步Dock程序啟動器

當然，要獲取更完美的Pantheon桌面體驗，還請同時安裝以下軟體包：

提示：請確保系統安裝的以下程序包都是帶-bzr的版本，已避免可能導致的錯誤。

- audience-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Video player
- contractor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Service for sharing data between apps
- dexter-contacts-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Contacts manager (does not build)
- eidete-bzrAUR: Simple screencaster
- elementary-icon-theme-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: elementary icons
- elementary-scan-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Simple scan utility (does not build)
- elementary-wallpapers-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: elementary wallpaper collection
- gtk-theme-elementary-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: elementary GTK theme
- feedler-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: RSS feeds reader (does not build)
- footnote-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Note taking app
- geary包: Email client
- indicator-pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Session indicator
- lightdm-pantheon-greeter-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: LightDM greeter
- maya-calendar-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Calendar
- midori-granite-bzrAUR: Web browser
- noise-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Audio player
- pantheon-backgrounds-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Wallpaper collection
- pantheon-calculator-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Calculator
- pantheon-default-settings-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Pantheon default's settings (appearance, etc.)
- pantheon-files-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: File explorer
- pantheon-notify-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Notification daemon
- pantheon-print-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Print settings
- pantheon-terminal-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Terminal emulator
- plank-theme-pantheon-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Pantheon theme for plank
- scratch-text-editor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Text editor
- snap-photobooth-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Webcam app
- switchboard-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Settings manager

注意：You will also need to install plugs, look for "switchboard-plug-*" in the AUR or in Alucryd's GitHub repository.

推薦安裝以下字體包來獲取最佳桌面體驗:

- ttf-opensans包: Open Sans Fonts
- ttf-raleway-font-familyAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]: Raleway Font Family
- ttf-dejavu包: Font family based on the Bitstream Vera Fonts
- ttf-droid包: General-purpose fonts released by Google as part of Android
- gnu-free-fonts包: Set of free outline fonts covering the Unicode character set
- ttf-liberation包: Red Hats Liberation fonts

### 補充信息

#### Packages based on older evolution-data-server

dexter-contacts-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] and feedler-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] do not build because they are based on evolution-data-server 3.2. Arch Linux provides version 3.10 which uses a different Vala API.

## 啟用Pantheon桌面

### 使用顯示伺服器啟動

pantheon-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] provides a session entry for display managers such as gdm包 or lightdm包.

注意：Either use the bzr version of cerbere or add 'gala' to the monitored processes for this to work.

### 通過 .xinitrc 啟動

你也可以用 `~/.xinitrc` 啟動Pantheon。這段代碼將能夠成功啟動Pantheon:

    #!/bin/sh

    if [ -d /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d ]; then
      for f in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/*; do
        [ -x "$f" ] && . "$f"
      done
      unset f
    fi

    gsettings-data-convert &
    xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update &
    /usr/lib/polkit-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 &
    /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon &
    /usr/lib/gnome-user-share/gnome-user-share &
    eval $(gnome-keyring-daemon --start --components=pkcs11,secrets,ssh,gpg)
    export GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL GNOME_KEYRING_PID GPG_AGENT_INFO SSH_AUTH_SOCK
    exec cerbere

注意：Pantheon may refuse to start correctly, resulting in errors such as no visible mouse cursor and others. In this case you have to add the window manager 'gala' to the list of monitored processes of cebere. This can be done in `dconf-editor` and should look like this. Remember do not run dconf-editor as root, use your local username.

### Autostart applications

Pantheon, when launched via `~/.xinitrc`, does not support XDG autostart. However, there are 3 other ways to achieve this for applications which do not provide a systemd unit:

- You may add any program to your `~/.xinitrc`, preferably right before the exec cerbere line. This is the better choice for one-shot programs.
- Or you may edit the `org.pantheon.cerbere.monitored-processes` key using dconf-editor and add the programs of your choice. This method is best for applications which keep running in the background.
- Or you may use a program like dapperAUR, dex-gitAUR, or fbautostartAUR to add support for XDG autostart in your `~/.xinitrc`.

注意：Keep in mind that applications started via cerbere cannot be terminated, they will keep respawning.

## Configuration

Configuring Pantheon is done via switchboard-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] and its plugs, most are available in the AUR and the custom repo. All pantheon settings can also be altered via dconf, they are located in the `org.pantheon` key. Use dconf-editor for easy editing.

Part of the configuration is handled by gnome-control-center包 via a dedicated plug, which unfortunately only supports GNOME up to 3.6. Use gnome-control-center包 itself and gnome-tweak-tool包[損壞的連結：replaced by gnome-tweaks包] instead.

### Pantheon Files

#### Enable context menu entries

If you want to enable context menu entries such as for file-roller包 to extract/compress archives, then you have to additionally install contractor-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found].

### Terminal

#### Opacity (transparency)

You can set a certain opacity to make Pantheon Terminal (semi-)transparent. Open `dconf-editor` and go to `org.pantheon.terminal.settings.opacity` to set your desired opacity.

## Known Issues

### Indicators not working in wingpanel

Make sure the /etc/xdg/autostart/indicator-[name].desktop file contains Pantheon inside OnlyShowIn=

    OnlyShowIn=Unity;XFCE;GNOME;Pantheon;

注意：

- Indicator support itself is a complex issue, due to standards discrepancies between Ubuntu and Gnome's implementation of KDE's status notification indicators.
- The pantheon devs are working on a number of their own indicators for wingpanel.

### Indicator-session menus not working

- indicator-session-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]

This version of indicator-session relies on dbus methods native to Unity for most of its functions; it can be made to work by patching out the use of Unity dialogs, such as in indicator-session-pantheon-bzr[失效連結 2020-08-04 ⓘ]

- indicator-sessionAUR

This version of indicator-session fails to interact with the session manager somehow; a (crudely hacked) version that uses systemd/logind instead is available indicator-session-systemdAUR[損壞的連結：package not found]

About This Computer, Lock and Sound Settings (indicator-soundAUR or indicator-sound-pantheon-bzr[失效連結 2020-08-04 ⓘ]) rely on gnome components that may not be installed, such as gnome-control-center and gnome-screensaver.

For Lock functionality (including "Ctrl+L" hotkey), replace gnome-screensaver with light-locker or XScreenSaver and a script that emulates the gnome-screensaver dbus.

### No transparency in pantheon-terminal

Transparency in pantheon-terminal is not yet fully functional with GTK themes other than the elmentaryOS theme. Either use gtk-theme-elementary包 or add this code to your theme.

### White icons in pantheon-files

Currently there seems to be a bug which displays the view icons in the top location in a white colour instead of black. This can be fixed by installing gtk-theme-elementary-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] or adding the following line to `gtk-widgets.css` or `gtk-widgets.css` of your gtk-theme-elementary包 theme:

    GtkToolItem { color: @text_color; }

### Wingpanel is transparent

Wingpanel is transparent by design when using the elementary GTK theme. It becomes black when a maximized window occupies your screen. However, using other GTK themes will produce a solid panel most of the time.

### Corrupted graphics in canonical indicators

Indicators behave incorrectly with every theme I have tried. They are very ancient, all of them date back to 2012 because the newer indicators depend on Ubuntu patches, and they should be killed with fire anyway. Wingpanel is doing just that and I hope the next major release will ship their new plugin system.

### Cannot interact with the LightDM Pantheon greeter

You need to delete `/var/lib/lightdm/.pam_environment`. Do note however that this file is a workaround for the following LightDM bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-greeter/+bug/1024482

## Troubleshooting

### Gala crashes on start

It appears that unconfigured gala tries to use default gnome wallpaper as a background. However, the corresponding file is absent unless you have gnome-themes-standard包[損壞的連結：package not found] installed. Thus, install gnome-themes-standard包[損壞的連結：package not found] to workaround the crash. It is safe to remove this package after you configure pantheon in a way you want.

### How can I add new applications to the dock?

Either drag and drop a desktop file on it, or right click on a running application and select "Keep in dock". You can then reorder icons by drag and drop.

### How can I change the default appearance such as GTK theme, font size, etc?

Use gnome-tweak-tool包[損壞的連結：replaced by gnome-tweaks包] or see GTK+.

### I do not have any mouse cursor

The 'gala' window manager is most likely not running. #通過 .xinitrc 啟動 Add 'gala' to the list of cerbere's monitored processes.

### Wingpanel is empty except for Applications

The indicators that are displayed in the wingpanel are split into separate packages. #安裝 Install additional indicators such as wingpanel-indicator-datetime-bzrAUR[損壞的連結：package not found], indicator-powerAUR[損壞的連結：package not found] or indicator-soundAUR.

分類：​

- 使用「模板:過時」標記的頁面或章節
- 桌面環境
- 包含損壞的軟體包連結的頁面
- 包含失效連結的頁面

隱藏分類：​

- 使用「模板:糟糕的翻譯」標記的頁面或章節

Pantheon
新增話題