OCaml 打包准则 - Arch Linux 中文维基

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# OCaml 打包准则

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Arch 打包准则

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为使用 OCaml 编写的软件创建 PKGBUILD。

## 命名

若是库则采用 `ocaml-modulename` 的格式，若是程序则采用程序名。不论如何，名字都应当是全小写的。

## 文件的位置

### 库

OCaml 库应当安装到 `/usr/lib/ocaml`。到 `/usr/lib/ocaml/site-lib` 已经弃用。

OCaml 库应当使用 ocaml-findlib包 来安装。`ocaml-findlib` 在包种包含了元信息来使库管理更加简单。这是一种惯例，现在很多 OCaml 都需要它。

`ocaml-findlib` 从应被包含在源码包中的 `META` 的文件中取出必要的数据。If this file is not included, one should either be obtained from the corresponding Debian, Ubuntu, or Fedora package, or created for the package by the maintainer. A request to include the file should also be made to the upstream developers of the package.

The `OCAMLFIND_DESTDIR` variable should be used when installing packages with `ocaml-findlib`. See the example PKGBUILD below for details.

### OASIS

OCaml packages that install executables using OASIS ignore `DESTDIR`. This is a known limitation of OASIS (issue #493). One way to enable `DESTDIR`-like functionality is to run the `configure` script with the `--destdir` argument, like so:

    build() {
        cd "${srcname}-${pkgver}"
        ./configure --prefix /usr --destdir "$pkgdir"

        # build commands
    }

## OCaml bytecode and levels

OCaml can run code on multiple "levels", the top level interprets OCaml Code without compiling, the bytecode level creates machine independent bytecode and the native level creates machine code binaries (just like C/C++).

When building OCaml Packages you need to be aware if the build process is compiling native machine code, bytecode, or as in many cases both. This creates a number of situations which can cause problems with package options and the right dependencies.

If bytecode is produced at all then the PKGBUILD must contain the following to protect the bytecode:

    options=('!strip')

If the package does not contain bytecode and only distributes a binary, then `ocaml` is not needed as a dependency, but it of course is required as a makedepends since the `ocaml` package provides the OCaml compiler. If the package contains both native code and bytecode then `ocaml` should be a dependency and a makedepends.

OCaml code is rarely (if ever) distributed as bytecode only and will almost always include native code: the only case where using any as the arch is advisable is when only un-compiled source code is distributed, usually with a library, though many libraries still distribute native code.

The moral of the story here is to be aware of what it is you are distributing, chances are your package contains both native machine code and bytecode.

## 使用 Dune 的 PKGBUILD 实例

Dune 是一种新的构建系统，现在已经越来越多的被用于 OCaml 项目中。

One thing to be aware is that a single project can build several "packages" in the OPAM/findlib sense, each with its own directory in `/usr/lib/ocaml/`. See ocaml-cairo包 for an example. For release builds, all "packages" have to be explicitly listed.

    # Contributor: Your Name <youremail@domain.com>

    pkgname=ocaml-<package name>
    pkgver=4.2
    pkgrel=1
    license=()
    arch=('x86_64')
    pkgdesc="An OCaml Package"
    url=""
    depends=('ocaml')
    makedepends=('dune')
    source=()
    options=('!strip')
    sha256sums=()

    build() {
      cd "${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
      # The "-p" flag is necessary for release builds, see the Dune manpage. Dune will complain if you forget some packages.
      dune build -p package1,package1-extension,package2
    }

    package() {
       cd "${pkgname}-${pkgver}"

       DESTDIR="${pkgdir}" dune install --prefix "/usr" --libdir "/usr/lib/ocaml" --docdir "/usr/share/doc"

## 使用 findlib 的 PKGBUILD 实例

    # Contributor: Your Name <youremail@domain.com>

    pkgname=ocaml-<package name>
    pkgver=4.2
    pkgrel=1
    license=()
    arch=('x86_64')
    pkgdesc="An OCaml Package"
    url=""
    depends=('ocaml')
    makedepends=('ocaml-findlib')
    source=()
    options=('!strip')
    md5sums=()

    OCAMLFIND_DESTDIR="${pkgdir}$(ocamlfind printconf destdir)"

    build() {
      cd "${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
      mkdir -p "$OCAMLFIND_DESTDIR"
      ./configure --prefix=/usr
      make
    }

    package() {
      cd "${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
      env DESTDIR="${pkgdir}" \
        OCAMLFIND_DESTDIR="$OCAMLFIND_DESTDIR" \
        make install
    }

需要留意的是许多 OCaml 包都需要给 `make` 与 `make install` 一些额外信息。同时，请去除 `!strip` 选项，并在包不编译为字节码时指定架构。

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OCaml 打包准则
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