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# WebDAV

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相关文章

- Davfs2

WebDAV （Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning）是 HTTP/1.1 的扩展，因此可以作为一个协议考虑。它包含了一系列概念和由此产生的扩展方法，用以允许通过 HTTP/1.1 读写。WebDAV 不使用 NFS 或 SMB，而是通过HTTP传输文件。

本指南目的是通过 web 服务器配置简单的WebDAV。

## 服务器

### Apache

下载 Apache HTTP 服务器。

取消 DAV 和 auth_digest 这两个模块的注释：

    LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
    LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
    LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
    LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so

取消注释 `conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf` 文件中的行：

    # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
    Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

检查文件 `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf` 中的行：

    DAVLockDB /etc/httpd/var/DavLock

确保你把上面的行放在了其它指令的外面，比如在 `DocumentRoot` 定义中：

如果你希望进行干净的部署，可以考虑使用 `/srv/dav` 结构来替代默认的 `/etc/httpd/uploads`。（与原文有出入，请对照英文页面阅读）

接下来，检查 `/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf` 中别名相关的设置（同样要放在其它指令的外面）:

    DavLockDB "/etc/httpd/var/DavLock"

    Alias /uploads "/etc/httpd/uploads"

    <Directory "/etc/httpd/uploads">
        Dav On

        AuthType Digest
        AuthName DAV-upload
        # You can use the htdigest program to create the password database:
        #   htdigest -c "/etc/httpd/user.passwd" DAV-upload admin
        AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/user.passwd"
        AuthDigestProvider file

        # Allow universal read-access, but writes are restricted
        # to the admin user.
        <RequireAny>
            # require that these methods are used (PROPFIND allows directory listing) ...
            Require method GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND
            # or that the user is admin (f.e. PUT is required to write a file, MKCOL for folders)
            Require user admin

            # -- Notes ---
            # more info on methods in the webdav rfc: http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc4918.html
            # POST treated as PUT: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5995

        </RequireAny>
    </Directory>

创建目录：

    # mkdir -p /etc/httpd/var

检查 DavLockDB 目录的权限并确保Web服务器用户 `http` 有权写入此目录：

    # chown -R http:http /etc/httpd/var
    # mkdir -p /etc/httpd/uploads
    # chown -R http:http /etc/httpd/uploads

### nginx

安装 nginx-mainline包 （nginx的Mainline版本）和 nginx-mainline-mod-dav-extAUR。

在 `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf` 文件的头部以及其它块的外面添加下面的行：

    load_module /usr/lib/nginx/modules/ngx_http_dav_ext_module.so;

在 `server` 块中为WebDAV添加新的 `location` ，例如：

    location /dav {
        root   /srv/http;

        dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
        dav_ext_methods PROPFIND OPTIONS;

        # Adjust as desired:
        dav_access user:rw group:rw all:r;
        client_max_body_size 0;
        create_full_put_path on;
        client_body_temp_path /srv/client-temp;
        autoindex on;

        allow 192.168.178.0/24;
        deny all;
    }

上面的例子需要 `/srv/http/dav` 目录和 `/srv/client-temp` 目录存在。

你也许希望通过使用绑定挂载来让其它目录也能通过WebDAV访问。

### rclone

安装 rclone包 。它支持使用 webdav 导出远程或本地目录。

在不使用任何认证的情况下提供 `/srv/http` 目录下的内容：

    $ rclone serve webdav /srv/http

### Caddy

安装 caddy-webdav-gitAUR 或者先安装 xcaddy-binAUR 再使用 WebDAV 模块构建 Caddy ：

    $ xcaddy build --with github.com/mholt/caddy-webdav

若要使用80端口以 `dav` 路径提供 `/srv/webdav` 目录下的内容，将下面的内容添加到 Caddyfile ：

    :80 {
        rewrite /dav /dav/
        webdav /dav/* {
           root /srv/webdav
           prefix /dav
        }
        file_server
    }

运行 Caddy ：

    $ caddy run

## Client

### Cadaver

Install the cadaver包 package.

After installation, test the WebDAV server:

    $ cadaver http://localhost/dav
    dav:/dav/> mkcol test
    Creating `test': succeeded.
    dav:/dav/> ls
    Listing collection `/dav/': succeeded.
    Coll: test

### Dolphin

To create a permanent WebDAV folder in Dolphin select Network in the remotes section of the places sidebar, then press the Add Network Folder button. The network folder wizard will appear. Select WebFolder (webdav), and fill in the subsequent form.

Alternately just click the path bar and then enter the url with webdav:// protocol specifier.

### Nautilus

Install the gvfs包 and gvfs-dnssd包 packages.

In Nautilus choose "connect to server" and enter the address with `dav://` or `davs://` protocol specified:

    dav://127.0.0.1/dav

注意：If you get a "HTTP Error: Moved permanently" with `dav://`, try to use `davs://` as the protocol instead.

### rclone

rclone包 is a command line tool that lets you sync to/from, or mount (with many caching options), remote file systems including WebDAV.

### Thunar

Install the gvfs包 and gvfs-dnssd包 packages.

In Thunar press `Ctrl+l` and enter the address with dav or davs protocol specified:

    davs://webdav.yandex.ru

## Authentication

There are numerous different protocols you can use:

- plain
- digest
- others

### Apache

Using htdigest(1) (remove the `-c` option if the file exists):

    # htdigest -c /etc/httpd/conf/passwd WebDAV username

注意：Make sure digest authentication is enabled in `httpd.conf` by the presence of this entry: `LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so`

Using plain htpasswd(1) (remove the `-c` option if the file exists):

    # htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/conf/passwd username

Next, `httpd.conf` must be edited to enable authentication. One method would be to require the user `foo` for everything:

    <Directory "/home/httpd/html/dav">
      DAV On
      AllowOverride None
      Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
      AuthType Digest # substitute "Basic" for "Digest" if you used htpasswd above
      AuthName "WebDAV"
      AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/passwd
      Require user foo
    </Directory>

注意：`AuthName` must match the realm name passed when using the `htdigest` command for digest authentication. For basic/plain authentication, this line may be removed. Also, make sure that the `AuthUserFile` path matches that used with the `htdigest` or `htpasswd` commands above.

If you want to permit everybody to read, you could use this in your httpd.conf

    <Directory "/home/httpd/html/dav">
      DAV On
      AllowOverride None
      Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
      AuthType Digest # substitute "Basic" for "Digest" if you used htpasswd above
      AuthName "WebDAV"
      AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/passwd
      Require all granted
      <LimitExcept GET HEAD OPTIONS PROPFIND>
        Require user foo
      </LimitExcept>
    </Directory>

Do not forget to restart `httpd.service` after making changes.

注意：If you get an 405 error with Apache, add `DirectoryIndex disabled` to your `Directory` section.

## Troubleshooting

### Some file explorers cannot edit directories in nginx WebDAV

nginx WebDAV requires a directory path ends with a slash (`/`), but some file explorers does not append a `/` at the end of the path.

This can be worked-around, by either removing the corresponding checking code and recompile it, or by appending the following code in a nginx `server` block to add `/` at the end of a request, if needed:

    # The configuration was based on: https://nworm.icu/post/nginx-webdav-dolphin-deken/
    # if the request method is MKCOL or is to a directory, add / at the end of the request if it was missing
    if ($request_method = MKCOL) {
        rewrite ^(.*[^/])$ $1/ break;
    }
    if (-d $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^(.*[^/])$ $1/ break;
    }

    # if the request method is copy or move a directory, add / at the end of the request if it was missing
    set $is_copy_or_move 0;
    set $is_dir 0;
    if (-d $request_filename) {
        set $is_dir 1;
    }
    if ($request_method = COPY) {
        set $is_copy_or_move 1;
    }
    if ($request_method = MOVE) {
        set $is_copy_or_move 1;
    }
    set $is_rewrite "${is_dir}${is_copy_or_move}";
    if ($is_rewrite = 11) {
        rewrite ^(.*[^/])$ $1/ break;
    }

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