
@article{richardson_full-stack_2026,
	title = {Full-stack {Physics}-level model of cascaded entanglement links},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2511-9044, 2511-9044},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17976},
	doi = {10.1002/qute.202500809},
	abstract = {While the last few decades have seen a proliferation of experimental demonstrations of entanglement sources, practicality of deployment has been a secondary concern. Recently, the ZALM source was introduced, as a well-engineered functional device, easily integrated within a complete networking system. It addresses numerous concerns which make typical academic demonstrations less practical: reliable heralding signals, multiplexing across multiple dimensions, and efficient use of input power. We present a stack of tools for modeling mode-by-mode a ZALM source under realistic conditions, in isolation or as a part of a complete network testbed. Our modeling formalism builds upon a hybrid Gaussian and non-Gaussian representation, providing a flexible tradeoff between performance and accuracy, while also greatly simplifying the exact calculation of otherwise expensive scalar figures of merit. This toolkit, implemented in the Python package called "genqo", is integrated within the QuantumSavory full-stack simulator and the QuantumSymbolics computer algebra system. We use this software stack to demonstrate a number of complete networking protocols built upon the ZALM source.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2026-04-06},
	journal = {Advanced Quantum Technologies},
	author = {Richardson, J. Gabriel and Dhara, Prajit and Bhatt, Abhishek and Guha, Saikat and Krastanov, Stefan},
	month = mar,
	year = {2026},
	note = {arXiv:2510.17976 [quant-ph]},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {e00809},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\H8E7GXSC\\Richardson et al. - 2026 - Full-stack Physics-level model of cascaded entanglement links.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\7ICVPNM3\\2510.html:text/html},
}

@article{dhara_heralded-multiplexed_2022,
	title = {Heralded-{Multiplexed} {High}-{Efficiency} {Cascaded} {Source} of {Dual}-{Rail} {Polarization}-{Entangled} {Photon} {Pairs} using {Spontaneous} {Parametric} {Down} {Conversion}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {2331-7019},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.14360},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.034071},
	abstract = {Deterministic sources of high-fidelity entangled qubit pairs encoded in the dual-rail photonic basis, i.e., presence of a single photon in one of two orthogonal modes, are a key enabling technology of many applications of quantum information processing, including high-rate high-fidelity quantum communications over long distances. The most popular and mature sources of such photonic entanglement, e.g., those that leverage spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) or spontaneous four-wave mixing (sFWM), generate an entangled (so-called, continuous-variable) quantum state that contains contributions from high-order photon terms that lie outside the span of the dual-rail basis, which is detrimental to most applications. One often uses low pump power to mitigate the effects of those high-order terms. However that reduces the pair generation rate, and the source becomes inherently probabilistic. We investigate a cascaded source that performs a linear-optical entanglement swap between two SPDC sources, to generate a heralded photonic entangled state that has a higher fidelity (to the ideal Bell state) compared to a free-running SPDC source. Further, with the Bell swap providing a heralding trigger, we show how to build a multiplexed source, which despite reasonable switching losses and detector loss and noise, yields a Fidelity versus Success Probability trade-off of a high-efficiency source of high-fidelity dual-rail photonic entanglement. We find however that there is a threshold of \$1.5\$ dB of loss per switch, beyond which multiplexing hurts the Fidelity versus Success Probability trade-off.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2026-04-06},
	journal = {Physical Review Applied},
	author = {Dhara, Prajit and Johnson, Spencer J. and Gagatsos, Christos N. and Kwiat, Paul G. and Guha, Saikat},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv:2107.14360 [quant-ph]},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {034071},
	file = {Preprint PDF:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\PPUHJTHJ\\Dhara et al. - 2022 - Heralded-Multiplexed High-Efficiency Cascaded Source of Dual-Rail Polarization-Entangled Photon Pair.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\XGBBRD5G\\2107.html:text/html},
}

@article{chen_zero-added-loss_2023,
	title = {Zero-{Added}-{Loss} {Entangled} {Photon} {Multiplexing} for {Ground}- and {Space}-{Based} {Quantum} {Networks}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {2331-7019},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.03670},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.054029},
	abstract = {We propose a scheme for optical entanglement distribution in quantum networks based on a quasi-deterministic entangled photon pair source. By combining heralded photonic Bell pair generation with spectral mode conversion to interface with quantum memories, the scheme eliminates switching losses due to multiplexing. We analyze this `zero-added-loss multiplexing' (ZALM) Bell pair source for the particularly challenging problem of long-baseline entanglement distribution via satellites and ground-based memories, where it unlocks additional advantages: (i) the substantially higher channel efficiency \$η\$ of {\textbackslash}textit\{downlinks\} vs.{\textbackslash} {\textbackslash}textit\{uplinks\} with realistic adaptive optics, and (ii) photon loss occurring {\textbackslash}textit\{before\} interaction with the quantum memory -- i.e., Alice and Bob receiving rather than transmitting -- improve entanglement generation rate scaling by \${\textbackslash}mathcal\{O\}({\textbackslash}sqrtη)\$. Based on numerical analyses, we estimate our protocol to achieve \${\textgreater}\$10\${\textasciitilde}\$ebits/s at memory multiplexing of \$10{\textasciicircum}2\$ spin qubits for ground distance \${\textgreater}\$10\${\textasciicircum}2{\textasciitilde}\$km, with the spin-spin Bell state fidelity exceeding 99\${\textbackslash}\%\$. Our architecture presents a blueprint for realizing global-scale quantum networks in the near-term.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2026-04-06},
	journal = {Physical Review Applied},
	author = {Chen, Kevin C. and Dhara, Prajit and Heuck, Mikkel and Lee, Yuan and Dai, Wenhan and Guha, Saikat and Englund, Dirk},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
	note = {arXiv:2206.03670 [quant-ph]},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {054029},
	file = {Preprint PDF:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\MK4KAI8G\\Chen et al. - 2023 - Zero-Added-Loss Entangled Photon Multiplexing for Ground- and Space-Based Quantum Networks.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\BH3QD3R9\\2206.html:text/html},
}

@misc{chahine_heralded_2026,
	title = {Heralded quasi-deterministic entanglement sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19489},
	doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2603.19489},
	abstract = {A double-heralding technique is presented for producing heralded entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). Compared to the swap-heralded schemes studied in previous cascaded SPDC and zero-added-loss multiplexing (ZALM) proposals, this double-heralding technique is found to yield the most resource-efficient implementation in terms of minimizing the total number of sources and detectors required to achieve a specified rate and fidelity. This is achieved by reducing the number of modes and mode-sorting optics needed on the heralding path. Specifically, by immediately detecting any two signal photons from an array of down-converters, the corresponding idler photons can be projected onto an anti-correlated pair state which is shown to be unitarily equivalent to the state produced by swap-heralded sources, and hence can be used directly for long-range entanglement distribution in a ZALM architecture. Quasi-deterministic operation through two distinct multiplexing techniques is analyzed. The analysis derives expressions for the heralded pair probability and fidelity assuming realistic detectors with losses, dark counts, and partial photon number resolution (PNR), providing a framework for implementation of the source on a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).},
	urldate = {2026-04-06},
	publisher = {arXiv},
	author = {Chahine, Yousef K. and Richardson, J. Gabriel and Katz, Evan J. and Fallon, Adam J. and Lekki, John D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2026},
	note = {arXiv:2603.19489 [quant-ph]},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	file = {Preprint PDF:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\DLP926GN\\Chahine et al. - 2026 - Heralded quasi-deterministic entanglement sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\jacob\\Zotero\\storage\\WNNLGGVD\\2603.html:text/html},
}
