Mailman - Arch Linux 中文维基

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# Mailman

来自 Arch Linux 中文维基
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- 本文（或部分内容）译自 Mailman，最近一次同步于 2024-5-22，若英文版本有所更改，则您可以帮助同步与翻译更改的内容。
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本文或本节需要翻译。要贡献翻译，请访问简体中文翻译团队。

附注： 需要翻译。（在 Talk:Mailman# 中讨论）

Mailman 是一个邮件列表管理系统。它与邮件服务器结合使用。

## 安装

安装mailman3包软件包。

Mailman 可与Postorius（用于配置）和Hyperkitty（用于存档）结合使用。

注意：Mailman以`mailman`专用用户的身份运行，因此任何对`mailman`可执行文件的调用都必须以`mailman`用户的身份进行。

## 配置

All configuration for Mailman takes place in `/etc/mailman.cfg`. The schema explaining all possible configuration options and setting the defaults is stored in `/usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mailman/config/schema.cfg`.

The configuration is also accessible via the command line. Run the following command as the `mailman` user (e.g. using sudo or su):

    [mailman]$ mailman conf

### 数据库

Mailman by default uses an SQLite database in `/var/lib/mailman/data/`, but can be configured to use MariaDB or PostgreSQL.

#### SQLite

The default location for the SQLite database is already reflected in the `schema.cfg` and therefore does not have to be set in Mailman's configuration.

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [database]
    url: sqlite:////var/lib/mailman/data/mailman.db

#### MariaDB

Install the python-pymysql包 package and configure a database on MariaDB.

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [database]
    class: mailman.database.mysql.MySQLDatabase
    url: mysql+pymysql://myuser:mypassword@mymysqlhost/mailman?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1

#### PostgreSQL

Install the python-psycopg2包 package and create a database using PostgreSQL.

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [database]
    class: mailman.database.postgresql.PostgreSQLDatabase
    url: postgres://myuser:mypassword@mypghost/mailman

### REST API

Mailman exposes its REST API based on the settings in the `[webservice]` section of the configuration. Make sure to replace the default values for `admin_user` and `admin_pass` (do not use the example values below).

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [webservice]
    admin_user: my_new_admin_user_name
    admin_pass: my_new_admin_user_password

### ARC

By default DMARC and DKIM are disabled. The configuration takes place in the `[ARC]` section of the configuration file. Make sure to set necessary values and read the documentation about the defaults.

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [ARC]
    enabled: yes
    authserv_id: mailserver.tld
    trusted_authserv_ids: subdomain.mailserver.tld, other.mailserver.tld
    privkey: /path/to/privatekey.pem
    selector: test
    domain: mailserver.tld

### MTA

To connect a mail-transfer-agent (MTA), it is necessary to configure the `[mta]` section in the configuration file. Upstream documentation covers examples for postfix, exim and sendmail, but other MTAs are technically possible.

#### Postfix

To connect to a local postfix instance the following configuration section can be used:

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [mta]
    incoming: mailman.mta.postfix.LMTP
    outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver
    lmtp_host: mail.example.com
    lmtp_port: 8024
    smtp_host: mail.example.com
    smtp_port: 25

The postfix configuration has to be extended to ensure compatibility (see upstream notes).

    /etc/postfix/main.cf

    [..]
    recipient_delimiter = +
    unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
    owner_request_special = no
    [..]

Additionally, postfix needs to be made aware of mailman's transport maps. Depending on the postfix configuration these may look similar to the following.

注意： The following examples assume that existing values for `transport_maps`, `local_recipient_maps`, `relay_domains`, `virtual_mailbox_domains` and `virtual_alias_maps` are merged with the additional values.

    /etc/postfix/main.cf

    [..]
    transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    local_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    relay_domains = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
    [..]

If `postmap` is not directly accessible by mailman for creating the default hash-based alias maps, it is possible to generate regular expression based alias maps instead. To overwrite the default Python-class based configuration, mailman allows the use of a configuration file. Create the following file:

    /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg

    [postfix]
    postmap_command: /usr/bin/postmap
    transport_file_type: regex

Add the file to the `[mta]` section in mailman's configuration file.

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [mta]
    [..]
    configuration: /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg

Afterwards the `regexp` based exports can then be used in the postfix configuration.

    /etc/postfix/main.cf

    [..]
    transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    relay_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
    [..]

注意： Make sure to create the new alias maps after changing their type (e.g. from `hash` to `regexp`): `[mailman]$ mailman aliases`

To connect to a local postfix instance with a virtual mail setup, first set an alias domain. Afterwards alter the respective configuration.

    /etc/postfix/main.cf

    [..]
    local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp
    virtual_mailbox_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains
    virtual_alias_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_vmap
    [..]

## 运行

启用并启动 `mailman3.service`。

有几个systemd定时器服务，负责列表管理的各个方面：

- `mailman3-digests.timer`：用于向订阅者发送每日摘要。
- `mailman3-gatenews.timer`：每小时轮询NNTP服务器以获取新闻
- `mailman3-notify.timer`：用于每天向管理员发送待处理请求的通知。

## 安装

### 与邮件服务器集成

这篇文章的某些内容需要扩充。

原因：Example for setup with mail server (based on upstream documentation). (在 Talk:Mailman 中讨论)

### 与 Hyperkitty 集成

Mailman does not automatically archive mails on its own. The Hyperkitty web application is used for this purpose. Based on a plugin, mailman is able to send mails to a Hyperkitty instance for archival.

Install the mailman3-hyperkitty包 package and configure `/etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg`.

    /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg

    [general]
    base_url: https://example.tld/hyperkitty/
    api_key: super_secret_password

Afterwards, make mailman aware of the plugin:

    /etc/mailman.cfg

    [archiver.hyperkitty]
    class: mailman_hyperkitty.Archiver
    enable: yes
    configuration: /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg

## 提示与技巧

### 从 mailman < 3.0 迁移

Mailman 可以导入基于 mailman < 3.0 的列表数据库（`config.pck`）。以 `mailman` 用户身份（例如使用 sudo 或 su ）运行以下命令：

    [mailman]$ mailman import21 LISTSPEC PICKLE_FILE

这里，`LISTSPEC` 表示要导入的列表的全称（例如 `list@example.com`），`PICKLE_FILE` 表示列表的 `config.pck` 文件路径。

注意：要导入的 mailman2 列表必须已经存在于目标 mailman 实例中。

### REST API

Mailman 公开了REST API，可使用基于 python-mailmanclient包 的自定义工具进行连接。

## 参见

- Mailman 文档 - 上游文档
- Mailmanclient 文档 - 上游文档
- 连接到 Mailman - 关于mailman3-hyperkitty包的上游文档
- Mailman Suite 文档 - 整个 Mailman 套件（Mailman、Hyperkitty 和 Postorius）的（高级）上游文档

分类：​

- 邮件
- 邮件服务器
- GNU

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